PP Notes China

Ming and Qing Dynasties Last 3 Dynasties (Beijing) Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368) Mongolian north of China proper Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) Han Chinese Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) Manchu northeast of China proper Confucian culture modern concept of political nation state Chinese defined by Confucian culture civil service exam (605-1905) social mobility reward diligence, discipline, and willpower, but not talent or innovation law of avoidance “sum of social relationships” Social hierarchy and mobility scholar-officials, farmers, artisans, and merchants scholar-official-landlord learning, political power, and economic wealth local elite (gentry) and lineage lack of work ethic literati’s long gown foot-binding for women Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644) China’s Tributary System Traditional system for managing foreign relations The ``Central Kingdom” worldview Ming dynasty had the most extensive tributary system tributes from East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and even West Asia and Africa Zheng He’s fleet (1405 - 1433) Over 300 ships & 20,000 men trade and commerce Southeast Asia, South Asia, West Asia, and East Africa Zheng He’s expeditions Qing Dynasty (1644 - 1912) Ming dynasty fell in 1644 amid peasant uprisings and Manchu invasion Manchu and Han Chinese Ming and Qing Emperors Mandate of Heaven The 6 Bu Ministries 6-Bu system started in early Tang Dynasty (618 - 907) The 6 Bu (ministries) Ministry of Personnel Ministry of Revenue Ministry of Rites Ministry of Military Ministry of Criminal Justice Ministry of Public Works Emperor & Macartney (1793)