PP Notes Islam

World History II With Prof. RaeAnn L. Osborne Islam Division Within Shiite – believe authority through direct lineage, Imam is a guide (Hadith is different) Sunni – believe authority through appointment, Caliph is a political/religious figure Sufism – Islamic mysticism Persia and Afghanistan Safavids conquered an area, formally part of Russia, in modern day Iran. Safavids 1500 to 1722 Abbas I 1587-1629 India 1526- 1858 The Mughals The Mughals Akbar 1556-1605 13 years old when crowned Persian mother, Turkish father Outstanding military talent Understood administrative facet of government Encouraged reconciliation with Hindu subjects Created a new faith Tried to change position of women Regime reached peak of its splendor Decline The Osmanli Dynasty Turkic - 13th century (Osman I) Gazis, rapid expansion, jihad By 1453 Byzantine was defeated Expand the empire into Europe, Asia, North Africa and the Middle East Mediterranean military dominance until 16th century The Ottoman Empire Muslims, Christians, Jews Turks, Persians, Mongols, Mesopotamians, Muslims Absolute authority: Adala (affected war) Sultan: political, military, judicial, social and religious Titles: Padishah, Khan, Imam, Caliph Strong military From Constantinople to Istanbul Suleyman Defender of Islam The Lawmaker 1520-1566 Suleyman I (Soloman): “Golden Age” Codified laws Pragmatic statesman (Grand Vizier) Amazing general Opened trade, encouraged tolerance, defender of “Islam” Spied on his own system –Friday prayers (Intelligence gathering was one of the best in the world until the 20th century) Executed sons Architecture The Ottoman Empire By the 16th Century Funneled money into Protestant movement Adopted a policy of helping any Muslim country threatened by European expansion Most powerful Empire: wealth, military Military The beginning of Decline